| Model I | Model II | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI |
Fuel | ||||
 Clean | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Biomass fuel | 1.33 | 1.03–1.71 | 1.35 | 1.07–1.71 |
 Charcoal |  |  | 1.32 | 1.00–1.74 |
Year | 0.90 | 0.80–1.03 | 0.90 | 0.80–1.03 |
Sex | ||||
 Male | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Female | 0.82 | 0.78–0.86 | 0.82 | 0.78–0.86 |
Wealth quintile | ||||
 Poorest | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Poorer | 0.95 | 0.87–1.04 | 0.95 | 0.87–1.05 |
 Middle | 0.81 | 0.73–0.89 | 0.81 | 0.73–0.91 |
 Richer | 0.74 | 0.64–0.86 | 0.74 | 0.64–0.87 |
 Richest | 0.58 | 0.51–0.67 | 0.59 | 0.50–0.69 |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | Ref |  |  |  |
 Rural | 1.03 | 0.88–1.21 | 1.03 | 0.88–1.20 |
Birth order | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 |
 Under five children in HH | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 |
 Maternal age at birth | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 |
Mother’s education | ||||
 None | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Primary | 0.91 | 0.78–1.07 | 0.91 | 0.78–1.07 |
 Secondary | 0.69 | 0.57–0.84 | 0.69 | 0.57–0.84 |
 Higher | 0.55 | 0.43–0.70 | 0.55 | 0.43–0.70 |
Mother’s occupation | ||||
 Unemployed | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Professional | 0.97 | 0.80–1.18 | 0.97 | 0.80–1.18 |
 Clerical/sales | 1.16 | 1.04–1.29 | 1.16 | 1.04–1.30 |
 Agriculture | 1.12 | 1.03–1.20 | 1.11 | 1.03–1.20 |
 Services | 1.31 | 1.07–1.59 | 1.31 | 1.07–1.59 |
 Manual | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 |
Maternal smoking | 1.15 | 0.82–1.62 | 1.15 | 0.82–1.62 |
Breastfed | 0.09 | 0.05–0.18 | 0.09 | 0.05–0.18 |
Kitchen location | ||||
 Inside | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Separate building | 0.85 | 0.73–0.98 | 0.84 | 0.74–0.97 |
 Outside | 0.75 | 0.64–0.87 | 0.75 | 0.64–0.87 |
Smoking in the household | ||||
 Never | Ref |  |  |  |
 Daily | 1.10 | 0.90–1.35 | 1.10 | 0.90–1.35 |
 < 1/month | 1.14 | 0.91–1.43 | 1.14 | 0.91–1.43 |