Dietary phytochemicals in breast cancer research: anticancer effects and potential utility for effective chemoprevention

Table 1 Evaluation of anti-tumor effects of plant-derived foods/nutraceuticals in rat mammary carcinoma model

	Tumor frequency	Tumor incidence (%)	Tumor latency (days)	References
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
CONT	2.88	79.20	70.74	[13]
CHLO 0.3	2.00	80.00	74.90
CHLO 3	1.12^a	68.00	83.18^a
Hordeum vulgare, L. phylloma
CONT	3.12	80.00	87.50	[14]
BAR 0.3	1.96	72.00	88.28
BAR 3	2.72	80.00	77.70
Flavin7®
CONT	3.40	100.00	66.64	[15]
FLA 0.3	2.44	92.00	70.91
FLA 3	1.44^b	76.00^c	74.42
Origanum vulgare L., haulm
CONT	2.96	72.00	65.33	[16]
ORE 0.3	1.32^a	40.00^d	75.60
ORE 3	2.36	72.00	77.78^d
Syzygium aromaticum L., glove buds
CONT	4.20	84.00	69.33	[17]
CLO 0.1	2.20^c	80.00	75.25
CLO 1	1.75^e	87.50	76.67

Footnote: CONT control group, CHLO chlorella group, BAR young barley group, FLA flavin group (fruit peel polyphenol extract), ORE oregano group, and CLO clove buds group. Foods/nutraceuticals were administered dietary in a concentrations of 0.3 and 3 % (3, resp. 30 g/kg of the diet), with exception of cloves with dosing of 0.1 and 1 %
Significantly different, ^ap < 0.02, ^bp <0 .001, ^cp < 0.05, ^dp < 0.03, ^ep < 0.01 vs CONT

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